Mood Disorders Explained

Today we're going to talk about four

mood disorders . We talked about the five anxiety disorders

which were generalized anxiety disorder

phobias panic attacks OCD and PTSD today

let's focus on mood disorders there are

four that we're going to discuss today

these include major depressive disorder

dysthymia bipolar disorder and

cyclothymia so let's get started

what is major depressive disorder while

you remember the symptoms of major

depressive disorder by the acronym sig

ecaps what a ciggy caps well s4 stands

for sleep I for interest G for guilt E

for energy C for concentration 8 for

appetite changes or weight loss p for

psychomotor agitation or retardation and

last the s for suicidal ideation so

remember siggy caps for the symptoms

that will be present and major

depressive disorder and in order to

diagnose major depressive disorder five

out of the eights and symptoms must be

present for at least two weeks if there

is suicidal ideation and a plan the

patient needs to be hospitalized if

there is suicidal ideation but no plan a

safety contract should be initiated so

there are two different categories of

depression there's typical depression

and atypical depression typical

depression basically everything is

decreased except for there's increased

guilt whereas atypical depression it's

pretty much the same thing except they

have increased weight and increased

sleep now how would you treat major

depressive disorder for typical

depression you treat it with SSRIs or

serotonin reuptake inhibitors so what

this does is in an individual to good

depression they have low serotonin

levels so SSRIs or serotonin reuptake

inhibitors what they do is they inhibit

the reuptake of serotonin hence

increasing the concentrations and you

would treat atypical depression with SNR

is what our SSRIs they are serotonin and

norepinephrine

we uptake inhibitors you could also use

electro cognitive therapy for depression

and I actually was able to go and watch

this procedure while I was doing my

psych rotation and it's actually pretty

cool it's simple it's quick

so what they do is they induce seizures

but the patient is completely sedated

the interesting thing is that they put a

blood pressure cuff on one of the ankles

usually it's the right ankle and as they

induce seizures they watch the foot and

there's fasciculations of the foot you

can also see a little bit of

fasciculation on the hands and the hands

as well and electrical authority is

actually really quite interesting there

is a stigma to it however there is no

contraindication to get electro

cognitive therapy it's usually given to

individuals with depression that is

resistant to medication and it can

actually can be used in pregnant

patients there's no harm to the baby

it's pretty interesting however due to

this stigma it's not as highly used now

let's talk about this fine what's this

sigh meeow it is basically a milder form

of depression but it's a persistent

depressive state for at least two years

another name for this by Mia is

persistent depressive disorder now this

time iya is a mild form of major

depressive disorder and there is no loss

of function in order to diagnose this

thye Mia you have to rule out major

depressive disorder and you were treated

with same as depression with SSRIs all

right let's talk about bipolar disorder

so there are two types of bipolar

disorder there is bipolar 1 which is

consist of mania and bipolar 2 which

consists of hypomania and major

depressive episode so how would you

remember the symptoms of bipolar

disorder remembered by the acronym dig

fast so d for distractibility I for

insomnia G for grandiosity F for flight

of ideas a for agitated or psychomotor

agitation s for sexual indiscretion and

T for talkative or pressured speech now

in order to diagnose bipolar disorder

these individuals show

three or more of the symptoms and if

it's present for more than one week that

is considered that is considered bipolar

one if these symptoms are present for

less than a week but more than four days

and there is a major depressive episode

it is considered bipolar - how would you

treat my polar disorder you would treat

it with mood stabilizers the first-line

therapy for bipolar disorder is lithium

you could also use lamotrigine and

valproate as second and third line

therapy alright let's talk about

cyclothymia cyclothymia is basically a

milder form of bipolar disorder it

consists of hypomania and this sigh

meeow and there is no loss of function

in order to diagnose it you must rule

out bipolar disorder and you would treat

it with a mood stabilizers such as

lithium all right so let's recap what

did we learn today we learn about four

mood disorders these were major

depressive disorder MDD dysthymia or

persistent depressive disorder bipolar

disorder and cyclothymia thank you for

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